Association between childhood anthropometric indicators and bone mineral density in adulthood / Associação entre indicadores antropométricos na infância e densidade mineral óssea na idade adulta

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to verify the association between childhood anthropometric indicators and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adulthood. Methods: Repeated measures of 137 subjects (68 females) were obtained in childhood (9.2±1.5 years of age) and adulthood (22.3±1.7 years of age). aBMD (g/cm2) was assessed for whole body, lumbar spine, upper and lower limbs, and femoral neck in adulthood using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Anthropometric measurements of body weight (BW), height, triceps and subscapular skinfolds were obtained in childhood. The anthropometric indicators used were BW, body mass index (BMI), and sum of skinfolds (ΣSF). Simple linear regression was used to assess the association between childhood anthropometric indicators and aBMD in adulthood, controlled by chronological age and stratified by sex, with 5% statistical significance. Results: In females, multiple associations were observed between anthropometric indicators and aBMD, with higher coefficients for BMI (β=0.020; R2=0.20; p<0.01 for right femoral neck to β=0.008; R2=0.16; p<0.01 for upper limbs), followed by BW (β=0.003; R2=0.21; p<0.01 for upper limbs to β=0.008; R2=0.20; p<0.01 for right femoral neck) and ΣSF (β=0.001; R2=0.06; p<0.01 for upper limbs to β=0.005; R2=0.12; p<0.01 for right femoral neck). In males, associations were observed only for the lumbar spine region (β=0.016; R2=0.09 for BMI to β=0.004; R2=0.06; p<0.01 for ΣSF). Conclusions: Anthropometric indicators of childhood proved to be sensitive predictors of aBMD in adulthood, especially in females. BMI indicated a greater association with aBMD in both sexes.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a associação entre os indicadores antropométricos da infância com a área da densidade mineral óssea (aDMO) na idade adulta. Métodos: Medidas repetidas de 137 sujeitos (68 do sexo feminino) foram obtidos na infância (9,2±1,5 anos de idade) e idade adulta (22,3±1,7 anos de idade). A aDMO (g/cm2) foi avaliada para todo o corpo, coluna lombar, membros superiores e inferiores e colo do fêmur na idade adulta usando a absorciometria radiológica de dupla energia (DXA). Medidas antropométricas de peso corporal, estatura e dobras cutâneas das regiões tricipital e subescapular foram obtidas na infância. Os indicadores antropométricos utilizados para as análises foram o peso corporal (PC), o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e o somatório de dobras cutâneas (ΣDC). Regressão linear simples controlada pela idade e estratificada por sexo foi empregada para avaliar a associação entre os indicadores antropométricos do período da infância na aDMO na idade adulta, com significância estatística de 5%. Resultados: No sexo feminino, múltiplas associações foram observadas entre os indicadores antropométricos e a aDMO, com maiores coeficientes para IMC (β=0,020; R2=0,20; p<0.01 para colo do fêmur direito a β=0,008; R2=0,16; p<0,01 para membros superiores), seguido da PC (β=0,003; r2=0,21; p<0,01 para membros superiores a β=0,008; r2=0,20; p<0,01 para colo do fêmur direito) e ΣDC (β=0,001; R2=0,06; p<0,01 para membros superiores a β=0,005; R2=0,12; p<0,01 para colo do fêmur direito). No sexo masculino, associações ocorreram apenas na região da coluna (β=0,016; R2=0,09 para IMC a β=0,004; R2=0,06; p<0,01 para ΣDC). Conclusões: Indicadores antropométricos da infância mostraram ser sensíveis preditores da aDMO na idade adulta, especialmente no sexo feminino. O IMC indicou maior associação com a aDMO em ambos os sexos.

Time Reallocations From Sedentary Behavior to Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Recent statistical approaches have allowed consideration of the integrated relationships between sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) with different health outcomes. The present paper aimed to systematically review the literature and synthesize evidence about associations between hypothetical reallocations from SB to different PA intensities and cardiovascular risk factors in youth. METHODS: A systematic search of 8 databases was performed. Observational studies with a population of children and/or adolescents and based on statistical analysis that investigated the associations between time reallocations from SB to PA and cardiovascular risk factors were included. RESULTS: Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Level of evidence (derived from cross-sectional studies) indicated that the reallocation from SB to moderate to vigorous PA was beneficially associated with adiposity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in youth. Reallocation from SB to light PA was not associated with the analyzed outcomes. Associations derived from longitudinal studies were mostly inconclusive. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular risk factors could be improved by increasing moderate to vigorous PA at the expense of time spent in SB in pediatric populations. Prospective studies or studies investigating the effects of reallocating sedentary bouts to PA are needed.

Interrelationship between muscle fitness in childhood and bone mineral density in adulthood: mediation analysis of muscle fitness in adulthood.

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to examine the relationship between muscular fitness indicators in childhood and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adulthood and to verify whether the relationship is mediated by performance on muscular fitness indicators in adulthood. METHODS: A sample of 138 healthy adults (69 males; 22.3 years) were followed after a previous assessment at the age of 7-10 years. Stature, body mass and muscular fitness indicators (handgrip strength, standing long jump and sit-ups tests) were assessed in childhood and adulthood. Additionally, total body, upper limbs, lower limbs, right femoral neck and lumbar spine aBMD was assessed in adulthood using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis included descriptive statistics; t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test for comparison between males and females, multiple linear regression for the prediction aBMD from muscular fitness indicators in childhood, mediation analysis of the respective muscular fitness indicators in adulthood and the relationship between muscular fitness indicators in childhood and aBMD. RESULTS: Males were stronger compared to females regarding muscular fitness indicators in childhood and adulthood, and presented higher mean values for aBMD in adulthood, except for lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that some muscular fitness indicators in childhood showed significant positive relationship with bone health indicators in adulthood, such as: handgrip strength and total body aBMD (ß = 0.005; R2 = 0.35; p = 0.040) and upper limbs aBMD (ß = 0.005; R2 = 0.55; p = 0.019); and sit-ups test was a significant predictors of lumbar spine BMD (ß = 0.003; R2 = 0.06; p = 0.039). Mediation analysis pointed out the following: adulthood handgrip strength mediated relationships between childhood handgrip strength and total aBMD (indirect effect (IE) = 0.0025; 95%CI = 0.0005-0.0048), and upper limbs aBMD (IE = 0.0040; 95%CI = 0.0017-0.0069). CONCLUSIONS: Muscular fitness indicators in childhood showed significant relationship with bone health indicators in adulthood and the sit-ups test in childhood had direct effect on lumbar spine aBMD in adulthood. Adulthood handgrip strength mediated the relationship between childhood handgrip strength and total body and upper limb aBMD, pointing out that muscular fitness in childhood may be a aBMD determinant in adulthood, especially when higher muscle fitness performance is maintained in adulthood.

Sedentary behavior in young adults using ecological momentary assessment: an image observation protocol / Comportamento sedentário em adultos jovens por avaliação momentânea ecológica: protocolo de observação por imagem

ABSTRACT New ways to obtain information on sedentary behavior (SB) have recently been explored. This study aimed at assessing the self-reported posture agreement by using the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). The images were sent by an observation protocol created in a form that would be answered via the mobile phone of young adults. The bank of images was provided by 41 university students. Such images were obtained from a project carried out in 2019, which was based on the taxonomy of sedentary behavior. The following positions were assessed: sitting, lying/reclining and standing, comparing the images provided with the self-reported SB by using EMA, which was collected via cell phone. The agreement was assessed by two researchers independently. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics, Student's t test, chi-squared test, and Cohen's k in SPSS 25 with P<0.05. The inter-rater reliability was strong/substantial, that is, 87.6% (rater 1; k = 0.696) and 88.6% (rater 2; k = 0.720). The image observation protocol created in an electronic form could discriminate the behavior adopted by the participants, as well as it could be used independently, only for recording EMA and/or the image/photograph.

RESUMO Novas formas de se obter informações sobre o comportamento sedentário (CS) têm sido exploradas recentemente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a concordância da postura auto-relatada por meio da Avaliação Momentânea Ecológica (AME). As imagens foram enviadas por meio de um protocolo de observação criado em um formulário respondido pelo telefone celular de adultos jovens. Foi utilizado um banco de imagens fornecido por 41 universitários, obtidas por um projeto realizado em 2019 com base na taxonomia do comportamento sedentário. As seguintes posições foram analisadas: sentada, deitado/reclinado ou em pé, comparando a imagem fornecida com o CS auto-reportado por meio da AME, que foi coletada por telefone celular. A concordância foi realizada por dois pesquisadores de modo independente. A análise dos dados foi realizada pela estatística descritiva, t de Student, qui-quadrado e k de Cohen no SPSS 25 com P<0,05. A concordância entre os avaliadores foi forte/substancial de 87,6% (avaliador 1; k = 0,696) e de 88,6% (avaliador 2; k = 0,720). O protocolo de observação por imagem criado por formulário eletrônico conseguiu discriminar o comportamento adotado pelos participantes, bem como viável de ser utilizado de modo independente, somente para o registro da AME e/ou da imagem/fotografia.

Light-intensity physical activity patterns and associated factors in adolescents

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to measure light-intensity physical activity (LPA) patterns in adolescents according to weekdays and school period and investigated associations between LPA patterns and associated factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 388 students of both genders, selected from public schools from Londrina city, Parana state. LPA was measured using accelerometry for seven consecutive days and was analyzed by the time spent in very short (15 to 30 s), short (30 to 60 s), intermediate (1 to 3 min), and long bouts (≥ 3 min). Results: Approximately 22% of the total daily time was spent in LPA. The time in LPA accumulated in short or intermediate bouts was higher than the time accumulated in very short or long bouts (P < 0.05). Gender was associated with short (β= 2.180; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.357 to 4.003) and intermediate bouts (β = 2.822; 95% CI, 0.681 to 4.964), girls presented higher daily time. Age was inversely associated with very short (β = −0.925; 95% CI, −1.676 to −0.175) and intermediate bouts (β = −1.985; 95% CI, −3.579 to −0.390). The total time in LPA and time accumulated in very short, short, and intermediate bouts was higher in the school period when compared to the non-school period (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that the LPA patterns are predominantly composed of time spent in bouts between 30 seconds and three minutes. Gender, age, and school period appear to influence the LPA pattern in adolescents.

NEUROMUSCULAR FITNESS IN EARLY LIFE AND ITS IMPACT ON BONE HEALTH IN ADULTHOOD: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature to verify the relationship between neuromuscular fitness indicators in childhood/adolescence and bone strength variables in adulthood. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review was conducted in PUBMED, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, LILACS, and SciELO, covering the entire period until March 2019. DATA SYNTHESIS: The search identified 1149 studies. After duplicity analysis and eligibility criteria, four studies were reported. In one study, baseline was childhood and, in the others, adolescence. In childhood, when adjusting the model for age and body mass index, a statistically significant relation was found for girls: standing long jump with quantitative ultrasound index (ß=0.11; p<0.05) and with speed of sound (ß=0.14; p<0.01). However, when controlling muscular performance in adulthood, the relationship was no longer significant. In adolescence, coefficients ranged from 0.16 for neuromotor battery and bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar region to 0.38 for hanging leg lift test and BMD of arms. The explained variance varied between 2% (bent arm hang for BMD total) and 12% (hanging leg-lift for BMD arms), therefore, a higher performance in neuromuscular fitness in adolescence was associated with better bone strength in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: In adults, bone strength variables showed significant correlation from low to moderate magnitude with neuromuscular fitness indicators in adolescence, but not in childhood, after controlling for adult performance in neuromuscular fitness. However, there is limited evidence to support the neuromuscular fitness in early life as a determinant of bone strength in adulthood.

Neuromuscular fitness in early life and its impact on bone health in adulthood: a systematic review / Aptidão neuromuscular na juventude e o impacto na saúde óssea na idade adulta: uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: To systematically review the literature to verify the relationship between neuromuscular fitness indicators in childhood/adolescence and bone strength variables in adulthood. Data sources: A systematic review was conducted in PUBMED, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, LILACS, and SciELO, covering the entire period until March 2019. Data synthesis: The search identified 1149 studies. After duplicity analysis and eligibility criteria, four studies were reported. In one study, baseline was childhood and, in the others, adolescence. In childhood, when adjusting the model for age and body mass index, a statistically significant relation was found for girls: standing long jump with quantitative ultrasound index (β=0.11; p<0.05) and with speed of sound (β=0.14; p<0.01). However, when controlling muscular performance in adulthood, the relationship was no longer significant. In adolescence, coefficients ranged from 0.16 for neuromotor battery and bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar region to 0.38 for hanging leg lift test and BMD of arms. The explained variance varied between 2% (bent arm hang for BMD total) and 12% (hanging leg-lift for BMD arms), therefore, a higher performance in neuromuscular fitness in adolescence was associated with better bone strength in adulthood. Conclusions: In adults, bone strength variables showed significant correlation from low to moderate magnitude with neuromuscular fitness indicators in adolescence, but not in childhood, after controlling for adult performance in neuromuscular fitness. However, there is limited evidence to support the neuromuscular fitness in early life as a determinant of bone strength in adulthood.

RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente a literatura para verificar a relação entre indicadores da aptidão neuromuscular na infância/adolescência e variáveis de resistência óssea na idade adulta. Fonte de dados: Revisão sistemática com pesquisa de artigos conduzida no PUBMED, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, LILACS and SciELO, abrangendo todo o período da base até março de 2019. Síntese dos dados: A busca identificou 1.149 estudos, após análise de duplicidade e dos critérios de elegibilidade, quatro estudos foram relatados. Em um dos estudos, o baseline foi a infância e, nos demais, a adolescência. Na infância, ao ajustar o modelo por idade e índice de massa corporal, foi encontrada relação estatisticamente significativa para as meninas: salto em distância com índice quantitativo de ultrassom (β=0,11; p<0,05) e com velocidade do som (β=0,14; p<0,01). Entretanto, ao se fazer o controle do desempenho muscular na idade adulta, a relação deixou de ser significativa. Na adolescência, coeficientes variaram de 0,16 para bateria neuromotora e densidade mineral óssea (DMO) lombar a 0,38 para o teste de elevação de pernas em suspensão e a DMO dos braços. Variação explicada entre 2% (suspensão na barra e DMO do corpo total) e 12% (elevação de pernas em suspensão e DMO dos braços), portanto, melhor desempenho na aptidão neuromuscular na adolescência, mais resistência óssea na idade adulta. Conclusões: Em adultos, variáveis de resistência óssea apresentaram correlação significativa em magnitude baixa a moderada com indicadores da aptidão neuromuscular na adolescência, mas não na infância, após controlar pelo desempenho adulto na aptidão neuromuscular. No entanto, existe evidência limitada para apoiar a aptidão neuromuscular na juventude como fator determinante da resistência óssea na fase adulta.

Participation in sports in childhood and adolescence and physical activity in adulthood: A systematic review.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to verify the association between participation in sports (PS) in childhood and adolescence and physical activity (PA) in adulthood. A systematic search was conducted in the following databases: Medline (PUBMED), Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus, LILACS and SciELO. All steps of the process followed the recommendations of the PRISMA FlowDiagram. After all the steps of the process, 29 articles were included for analysis. In general, only three of the studies analyzed found no relation between PS in childhood and adolescence and PA in adulthood. However, a positive relationship was found to be weak in only 7% of the studies, a moderate relation in 62% of the studies, and a strong relation in 21%. It was found that higher weekly frequencies of PS; persistence of at least three years of PS and, finally, the highest level of practice and/or competition reached were related to higher levels of PA in adulthood. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a positive association considered moderate to strong between PS in childhood and adolescence and PA in adulthood.

Methodology Used in Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies About Sedentary Behavior in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Systematic Review Using the Checklist for Reporting Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies.

BACKGROUND: The use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to measure sedentary behavior (SB) in children, adolescents, and adults can increase the understanding of the role of the context of SB in health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to systematically review literature to describe EMA methodology used in studies on SB in youth and adults, verify how many studies adhere to the Methods aspect of the Checklist for Reporting EMA Studies (CREMAS), and detail measures used to assess SB and this associated context. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and SPORTDiscus databases, covering the entire period of existence of the databases until January 2018. RESULTS: This review presented information about the characteristics and methodology used in 21 articles that utilized EMA to measure SB in youth and adults. There were more studies conducted among youth compared with adults, and studies of youth included more waves and more participants (n=696) than studies with adults (n=97). Most studies (85.7%) adhered to the Methods aspect of the CREMAS. The main criteria used to measure SB in EMA were self-report (81%) with only 19% measuring SB using objective methods (eg, accelerometer). The main equipment to collect objective SB was the ActiGraph, and the cutoff point to define SB was <100 counts/min. Studies most commonly used a 15-min window to compare EMA and accelerometer data. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of studies in this review met minimum CREMAS criteria for studies conducted with EMA. Most studies measured SB with EMA self-report (n=17; 81.0%), and a few studies also used objective methods (n=4; 19%). The standardization of the 15-min window criteria to compare EMA and accelerometer data would lead to a comparison between these and new studies. New studies using EMA with mobile phones should be conducted as they can be considered an attractive method for capturing information about the specific context of SB activities of young people and adults in real time or very close to it.

Characterization and Agreement Between Application of Mobile Ecological Momentary Assessment (mEMA) and Accelerometry in the Identification of Prevalence of Sedentary Behavior (SB) in Young Adults.

New technologies able to identify the sedentary behavior (SB), such as the Mobile Ecological Momentary Assessment (mEMA) still need to be investigated. The aim of this study was to describe SB in the physical, social, and environmental contexts and verify the agreement between the mEMA and accelerometry in the identification of SB in young adults. During 7 days, 123 young adults used concomitant mEMA and Actigraph wGT3xBT accelerometer. Data of 2262 mEMA prompts and respective count values in each minute (5 min previous to prompt) were included in the analyses. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used in analyses using the SPSS 20.0 software. The physical context (PC) at home was the highest occurrence of SB (46.3%) and the main activity was "watching TV/movies" (29.7%). The main social context (SC) related to SB was "staying alone" (49.6%). The main assertions related to the participants' environmental context (EC) were: "I appreciate the comfort of electronic devices when I am at home" (86.2%). mEMA identified the presence of SB in 78.1% of prompts, while accelerometry identified 70.9% (PABAK = 0.42). High values for the presence of SB were observed (sensitivity = 84%) and lower in the absence of SB (specificity = 38%). The study demonstrates the viability of mEMA use to obtain information about the occurrence of SB in contextual factors and good sensitivity to identify the presence of SB in young adults. The combined use of these methods is suggested in future studies about SB in young adults.

VALIDITY OF FIELD TESTS TO ESTIMATE CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. / VALIDADE DE TESTES DE CAMPO PARA ESTIMATIVA DA APTIDÃO CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature to verify the validity of field-tests to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: The electronic search was conducted in the databases: Medline (PubMed), SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science, in addition to the Latin American databases LILACS and SciELO. The search comprised the period from the inception of each database until February 2015, in English and Portuguese. All stages of the process were performed in accordance with the PRISMA flow diagram. DATA SYNTHESIS: After confirming the inclusion criteria, eligibility, and quality of the studies, 43 studies were analyzed in full; 38 obtained through the searches in the electronic databases, and 5 through private libraries, and references from other articles. Of the total studies, only 13 were considered high quality according to the adopted criteria. The most commonly investigated test in the literature was the 20-meter shuttle run (SR-20 m), accounting for 23 studies, followed by tests of distances between 550 meters and 1 mile, in 9 studies, timed tests of 6, 9, and 12 minutes, also 9 studies, and finally bench protocols and new test proposals represented in 7 studies. CONCLUSIONS: The SR-20-m test seems to be the most appropriate to evaluate the CRF of young people with the equation of Barnett, recommended to estimate VO2 peak. As an alternative for evaluating CRF, the 1-mile test is indicated with the equation proposed by Cureton for estimating VO2 peak.

OBJETIVO: Revisar sistematicamente a literatura para verificar a validade dos testes de campo para avaliação da aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ACR) em crianças e adolescentes. FONTES DE DADOS: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados: Medline (PUBMED), SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science, além das bases latino-americanas LILACS e SciELO. A busca compreendeu todo o período de existência das bases até fevereiro de 2015, em idioma inglês e português. Todas as etapas do processo foram previstas de acordo com o PRISMA. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Após verificação dos critérios de inclusão, elegibilidade e qualidade dos estudos, 43 trabalhos foram analisados na íntegra, sendo obtidos 38 por meio da busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas e cinco por meio de biblioteca particular e referências de outros artigos. Do total dos artigos, apenas 13 foram considerados de alta qualidade segundo os critérios adotados. O teste mais investigado na literatura foi o shuttle run de 20 metros (SR-20 m), contabilizando 23 trabalhos, seguido pelos testes de distâncias entre 550 metros e 1 milha com 9 estudos, os testes com tempos de 6, 9 e 12 minutos também com 9 estudos e, por fim, os protocolos de banco e novas propostas de teste representados por 7 trabalhos. CONCLUSÕES: O teste SR-20 m parece ser o mais apropriado para avaliação da ACR de jovens, com a equação de Barnett, recomendada para estimativa do VO2pico. Como segunda alternativa para avaliação da ACR, indica-se o teste de 1 milha e, a equação proposta por Cureton, para estimativa do VO2pico.

Validade de testes de campo para estimativa da aptidão cardiorrespiratória em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática / Validity of field tests to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents: a systematic review

RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente a literatura para verificar a validade dos testes de campo para avaliação da aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ACR) em crianças e adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados: Medline (PUBMED), SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science, além das bases latino-americanas LILACS e SciELO. A busca compreendeu todo o período de existência das bases até fevereiro de 2015, em idioma inglês e português. Todas as etapas do processo foram previstas de acordo com o PRISMA. Síntese dos dados: Após verificação dos critérios de inclusão, elegibilidade e qualidade dos estudos, 43 trabalhos foram analisados na íntegra, sendo obtidos 38 por meio da busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas e cinco por meio de biblioteca particular e referências de outros artigos. Do total dos artigos, apenas 13 foram considerados de alta qualidade segundo os critérios adotados. O teste mais investigado na literatura foi o shuttle run de 20 metros (SR-20 m), contabilizando 23 trabalhos, seguido pelos testes de distâncias entre 550 metros e 1 milha com 9 estudos, os testes com tempos de 6, 9 e 12 minutos também com 9 estudos e, por fim, os protocolos de banco e novas propostas de teste representados por 7 trabalhos. Conclusões: O teste SR-20 m parece ser o mais apropriado para avaliação da ACR de jovens, com a equação de Barnett, recomendada para estimativa do VO2pico. Como segunda alternativa para avaliação da ACR, indica-se o teste de 1 milha e, a equação proposta por Cureton, para estimativa do VO2pico.

ABSTRACT Objective: To systematically review the literature to verify the validity of field-tests to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children and adolescents. Data sources: The electronic search was conducted in the databases: Medline (PubMed), SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science, in addition to the Latin American databases LILACS and SciELO. The search comprised the period from the inception of each database until February 2015, in English and Portuguese. All stages of the process were performed in accordance with the PRISMA flow diagram. Data synthesis: After confirming the inclusion criteria, eligibility, and quality of the studies, 43 studies were analyzed in full; 38 obtained through the searches in the electronic databases, and 5 through private libraries, and references from other articles. Of the total studies, only 13 were considered high quality according to the adopted criteria. The most commonly investigated test in the literature was the 20-meter shuttle run (SR-20 m), accounting for 23 studies, followed by tests of distances between 550 meters and 1 mile, in 9 studies, timed tests of 6, 9, and 12 minutes, also 9 studies, and finally bench protocols and new test proposals represented in 7 studies. Conclusions: The SR-20-m test seems to be the most appropriate to evaluate the CRF of young people with the equation of Barnett, recommended to estimate VO2 peak. As an alternative for evaluating CRF, the 1-mile test is indicated with the equation proposed by Cureton for estimating VO2 peak.